1. \u0110O B\u00d3C TI\u00caN L\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C C\u1ed8T
C\u1ed9t l\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u khung.Bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ed9t b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f3ng.G\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m.
C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia theo chi\u1ec1u cao : <=4m v\u00e0 >4m
V\u00e0 chi theo ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n c\u1ed9t : <=0,1m2 v\u00e0 >0,1 m2.
C\u00c1C C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ea6N<\/p>\n
1.C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p c\u1ed9t:
C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y b\u00f3c theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed9t.C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u00e9p cho bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng ( C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n). B\u00f3c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft.
2.C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng: Chia l\u00e0m 3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p:
2.1.Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ed9t c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n d\u1ea7m (c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t khung) : th\u00ec b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ,b\u00ea t\u00f4ng d\u1ea7m t\u00ednh sau .Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ed9t t\u00ednh su\u1ed1t ,chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i d\u1ea7m tr\u1eeb \u0111i c\u1ea1nh c\u1ed9t.
2.2.Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n d\u1ea7m b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n c\u1ed9t th\u00ec b\u00ea t\u00f4ng d\u1ea7m hay c\u1ed9t t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c .Nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean t\u00ednh b\u00ea t\u00f4ng d\u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng .
2.3.Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ed9t c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n d\u1ea7m (c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng cho t\u01b0\u1eddng ) th\u00ec ta t\u00ednh b\u00ea t\u00f4ng d\u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ,b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t t\u00ednh sau .Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i d\u1ea7m t\u00ednh su\u1ed1t ,chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ed9t tr\u1eeb \u0111i chi\u1ec1u cao d\u1ea7m.
3. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n.
V\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 thi c\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c b\u00f3c ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean b\u00f3c sau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u b\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng .Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng di\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t ,b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y chu vi c\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n
2. \u0110O B\u00d3C TI\u00caN L\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C B\u00ca T\u00d4NG S\u00c0N M\u00c1I<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng s\u00e0n m\u00e1i trong \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ed9 cao <=16m (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 5 t\u1ea7ng.C\u00f3 3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n
1.C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng s\u00e0n m\u00e1i:<\/p>\n
Ta b\u00f3c t\u1eebng s\u00e0n ,m\u00e1i .Trong t\u1eebng s\u00e0n ta chia th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh.Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u00e0n n\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u1ea7m tr\u1eeb \u0111i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ed9t sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1eeb \u0111i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u thang th\u01b0\u1eddng , c\u1ea7u thang m\u00e1y, l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3…Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y ta l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
2.C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1o v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n s\u00e0n m\u00e1i:<\/p>\n
Ta l\u1ea5y di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eeb \u0111i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1y d\u1ea7m.Ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n th\u00e0nh s\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u00e1i c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n
3.C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p s\u00e0n m\u00e1i:<\/p>\n
T\u00ednh t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p s\u00e0n .C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd ki\u1ec1m tra qua b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n
3. \u0110O B\u00d3C TI\u00caN L\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C B\u00ca T\u00d4NG X\u00c0 – D\u1ea6M – GI\u1eb0NG<\/p>\n
Trong \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh cho \u0111\u1ed9 cao trung b\u00ecnh <=16m.Ri\u00eang c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i chia ra 2 nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 <=4m v\u00e0 >4m .<\/p>\n
1.C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u00f3c t\u1eebng c\u00e1i.C\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u1edbn t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf t\u00ednh sau.<\/p>\n
2.C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1o v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n:<\/p>\n
C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u1edf tr\u00ean.C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdc qua l\u1ea1i v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n s\u00e0n m\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n
3.C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p:<\/p>\n
C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n
4. \u0110O B\u00d3C TI\u00caN L\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C C\u1ea6U THANG – C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C C\u1eecA<\/p>\n
C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C C\u1ea6U THANG<\/p>\n
-X\u00e2y b\u1eadc c\u1ea7u thang g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n
-Tr\u00e1t l\u00e1ng b\u1eadc c\u1ea7u thang.<\/p>\n
-\u1ed0p b\u1eadc c\u1ea7u thang.<\/p>\n
-Tr\u00e1t \u0111an c\u1ed1n d\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u thang.<\/p>\n
-B\u1ea3 mat\u00edt s\u01a1n d\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u thang.<\/p>\n
-Tay v\u1ecbn c\u1ea7u thang.<\/p>\n
-Lan can c\u1ea7u thang.<\/p>\n
C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C C\u1eecA<\/p>\n
-S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1eeda ,khu\u00f4n c\u1eeda c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
-L\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng c\u1eeda ,khu\u00f4n c\u1eeda c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
-C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng c\u1eeda :ke kho\u00e1 b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1 , ch\u1ed1t…<\/p>\n
5. \u0110O B\u00d3C TI\u00caN L\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C: \u0110\u00daC C\u1eccC B\u00ca T\u00d4NG C\u1ed0T TH\u00c9P<\/p>\n
1. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n c\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n
-\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o m3.<\/p>\n
Quy c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n
-Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p c\u1ecdc k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3n \u1ed1p \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ecdc l\u1edbp l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc…<\/p>\n
-M\u00e1c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc trong ph\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00fa.<\/p>\n
-T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia c\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
2.C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n c\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n
T\u00ednh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch xung quanh c\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
3. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p:<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 f<=10 ;f<=18 ;f>18.
6. \u0110O B\u00d3C TI\u00caN L\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C: \u0110\u00d3NG – \u00c9P C\u1eccC B\u00ca T\u00d4NG C\u1ed0T TH\u00c9P<\/p>\n
QUY \u0110\u1ecaNH \u00c1P D\u1ee4NG:<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho 100m c\u1ecdc ng\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00ednh hao ph\u00ed m\u00e1y,hao ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 0.75 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng,Hao ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u00ednh theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
– Khi \u0111\u00f3ng \u00e9p c\u1ecdc xi\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ,m\u00e1y thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,22 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
– Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u1ecdc d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc \u00e2m th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u00e9p c\u1ecdc d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,05 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng \u00e9p c\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng .trong \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ecdc d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0m s\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e0 k\u1eb9p phao n\u1ed5i,<\/p>\n
– Trong hao ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn hao ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
– Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
+ N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p I >=60% chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ecdc ng\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p I.<\/p>\n
+ N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p I < 40% chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ecdc ng\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p II.<\/p>\n
Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ecdc d\u1eabn th\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng \u00e9p qua chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u khoan d\u1eabn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng \u00e9p c\u1ecdc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p I.(C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c khoan d\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ednh trong \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n
– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc \u1ed1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c hao ph\u00ed cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3i h\u00fat h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t trong l\u00f2ng c\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng \u00e9p c\u1ecdc v\u00e1n th\u00e9p (c\u1ecdc larsen) c\u1ecdc \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p,c\u1ecdc th\u00e9p h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cho 100m c\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1eb1m l\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ecdc nh\u1ed5 l\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n th\u00ec hao ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau:
– Hao ph\u00ed t\u00ednh theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n
Hao ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ecdc cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng nh\u1ed5 \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian c\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh <=1th\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng 1,17%, n\u1eb1m l\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 2 th\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec c\u1ee9 m\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng hao ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh th\u00eam nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
+ N\u1ebfu c\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng 1,17% \/th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n
+ N\u1ebfu c\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3 th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng 1,22% \/th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n
+ N\u1ebfu c\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u01a1c m\u1eb7n th\u00ec l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng 1.29% \/th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n
– Hao h\u1ee5t do s\u1ee9t m\u1ebb to\u00e8 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n
+ \u0110\u00f3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p I,II hao h\u1ee5t l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng 3,5% \/1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng nh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
+ \u0110\u00f3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t >=5Kg\/cm2 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng 4.5% \/1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng nh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n c\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh 100% theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P T\u00cdNH:<\/p>\n
D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ghi r\u00f5 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n gia c\u1ed1,k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ecdc, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ecdc, lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecdc ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 c\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
T\u1ed4NG CHI\u1ec0U D\u00c0I = DI\u1ec6N T\u00cdCH GIA C\u1ed0 x CHI\u1ec0U D\u00c0I 1 C\u1eccC x M\u1eacT \u0110\u1ed8 C\u1eccC<\/p>\n
– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u00e9p (\u0111\u00f3ng) c\u1ecdc :<\/p>\n
+ Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e9t d\u00e0i \u00e9p c\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o cao tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ecdc so v\u1edbi c\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean .<\/p>\n
+ Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n
+ Ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u00e9p \u00e2m ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh b\u00f9 ri\u00eang ( \u00c9p \u00e2m ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u01b0 \u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u00eam v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e9p \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5).<\/p>\n
– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n
+ \u0110\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng hay b\u00faa c\u0103n.<\/p>\n
+ Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eadp l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n
7. \u0110O B\u00d3C TI\u00caN L\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C: KHOAN C\u1eccC NH\u1ed2I<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ecdc khoan nh\u1ed3i tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khoan th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ed1ng v\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u khoan <=30m (t\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoan tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoan d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc <4m. t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y <2m\/s) m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch <=1,5m, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u khoan ng\u00e0m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng 1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu khoan c\u1ecdc khoan nh\u1ed3i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
-Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u >30m th\u00ec t\u1eeb m\u00e9t th\u1ee9 31 tr\u1edf \u0111i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,015 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
-Khoan \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y >2m\/s \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,1, khoan t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00f9ng c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,2 so v\u1edbi \u0111inh m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
-Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i khoan xi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,2 khoan xi\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,3 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
-Tr\u01b0\u1eddng khoan d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u >4m th\u00ec c\u1ee9 1m m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,05 so v\u1edbi \u0111inh m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, khoan \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u m\u1ea1nh. ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean so v\u1edbi l\u00fac m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng >1,5m th\u00ec c\u1ee9 1m ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1.05 s\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c khoan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
-Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khoan c\u00f3 \u1ed1ng v\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5 m\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng v\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5 >30% chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,1 so v\u1edbi \u0111inh m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
-Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u khoan ng\u00e0m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1 >1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u1ee9 1m khoan s\u00e2u th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,2 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c khoan v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
-C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c khoan c\u1ecdc nh\u1ed3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t d\u1ebbo, s\u00e9t c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, c\u00e1t ch\u1eb7c v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t, \u0111\u00e1t l\u1eabn cu\u1ed9i s\u1ecfi c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn <=10cm th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c khoan v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,2 so v\u1edbi \u0111inh m\u1ee9c khoan v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
8. \u0110O B\u00d3C TI\u00caN L\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C: \u0110\u00c0O – \u0110\u1eaeP \u0110\u1ea4T<\/p>\n
Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0: \u0111\u00e0o m\u00f3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, m\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00e3nh tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eafp n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea5p ch\u00e2n m\u00f3ng…<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh: m3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 100m3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
– Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea5t: c\u00f3 4 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ghi r\u00f5 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
– K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0o:<\/p>\n
+ Lo\u1ea1i 1: \u0111\u00e0o m\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, m\u00f3ng t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e0o m\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00e3nh: th\u00ec chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n ra: <=3m v\u00e0 >3m. Chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u00f3 4 c\u1ea5p: <=1m ; <=2m ;<=3m ;>3m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi b\u00f3c ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i m\u00f3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
+ Lo\u1ea1i 2: C\u00e1c h\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp: Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0: <=1m v\u00e0 >1m ; Chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra: <=1m v\u00e0 >1m.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1i m\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 s\u00e2u, r\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec ta quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
– G\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh:<\/p>\n
– K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ta c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft chi ti\u1ebft m\u00f3ng.Ta th\u01b0\u1eddng chia n\u00f3 ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd cho ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
– Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1n khi ta t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 th\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng th\u00ec ta t\u00ednh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Vl\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t = 1\/3 V\u0111\u00e0o (ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec Vl\u1ea5p = V\u0111\u00e0o – Vc\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p)<\/p>\n
* M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 QUY \u0110\u1ecaNH \u00c1P D\u1ee4NG RI\u00caNG CHO C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C \u0110\u00c0O \u0110\u1eaeP \u0110\u1ea4T \u0110\u00c1 C\u00c1T:<\/p>\n
-\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh cho 1m3 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean th\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
-\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh cho 1m3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafp theo \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eafp.<\/p>\n
-Khi \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafp nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i N:<\/p>\n
+ N=1.07 khi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7m n\u00e9n l\u00e0 0.85 dung tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gama=1.85T\/m3-1.60T\/m3<\/p>\n
+ N=1.1 khi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7m n\u00e9n l\u00e0 0.9 dung tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gama=1.75T\/m3<\/p>\n
+ N=1.13 Khi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7m n\u00e9n l\u00e0 0.95 dung tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gama=1.8T\/m3.<\/p>\n
+ N=1.16 khi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7m n\u00e9n l\u00e0 0.98 dung tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gama=1.8 T\/m3.<\/p>\n
Ri\u00eang kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafp th\u00ec h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i N=1.13.<\/p>\n
9. \u0110O B\u00d3C TI\u00caN L\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C: B\u00ca T\u00d4NG<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh: m3.<\/p>\n
– Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111o b\u00f3c: Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1n b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng (t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh) sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n n\u00f3 ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n
– Lo\u1ea1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng: b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1 d\u0103m 4×6, 2×4, 1×2, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee1, B\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p hay b\u00ea t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n
– M\u00e1c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng: b\u00ea t\u00f4ng g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee1 m\u00e1c 100, bt m\u00e1c 200…<\/p>\n
– Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n: B\u00ea t\u00f4ng d\u1ea7m, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng t\u1ea5m \u0111an, panel, lanh t\u00f4 \u00f4v\u0103ng…<\/p>\n
– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng: Ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m <=4m v\u00e0 >4m.<\/p>\n
– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thi c\u00f4ng: \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, \u0110\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng b\u01a1m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c,<\/p>\n
* L\u01b0u \u00fd khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n:<\/p>\n
T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fa \u00fd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd. Khi t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bt n\u00ean ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1ea7m trong t\u01b0\u1eddng..) v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng (c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m, c\u1ed9t,. ..) M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 khi ta t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ta t\u00ednh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n bt trong t\u01b0\u1eddng sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1eeb \u0111i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bt trong t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba t\u00ednh xong. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng sau \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n:<\/p>\n
+ Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e0o m\u00f3ng = di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00f3t<\/p>\n
+ Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eafp n\u1ec1n = di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00f3t n\u1ec1n<\/p>\n
+ Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch gi\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng = chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u00f3ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. \u0110O B\u00d3C TI\u00caN L\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C C\u1ed8T C\u1ed9t l\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u khung.Bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ed9t b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f3ng.G\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m.C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia theo chi\u1ec1u cao : <=4m v\u00e0 >4mV\u00e0 chi theo ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n c\u1ed9t : <=0,1m2 v\u00e0 […]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/874"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=874"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":875,"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/874\/revisions\/875"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}