*** 1\/ B\u00f3c ph\u1ea7n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p hay d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. Xin th\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c 3.3 ph\u1ea7n II trong Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 788\/2010\/BXD v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c \u0111o b\u00f3c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
Tuy nhi\u00ean khi l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thanh quy\u1ebft to\u00e1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd: V\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u khi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eefa b\u00ea t\u00f4ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00f9ng \u00edt h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1000m3 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng ra ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng h\u1ebft 1015m3 kh\u1ed1i v\u1eefa (\u0111\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng b\u01a1m), tuy nhi\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111i mua v\u1eefa ch\u1ec9 mua c\u00f3 990m3 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ko \u1ed5n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb khi quy\u1ebft to\u00e1n, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ghi \u0111\u1ee7 1015m3.
***2\/ B\u00f3c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb \u0111i c\u00e1c khe co gi\u00e3n, l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch>0,1m3.\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i M\u1ee5c 3.3 ph\u1ea7n II \u2013 Q\u0110788 \u2013 BXD. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd suy ngh\u0129 ngay: v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c khe, l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch <=0,1m3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb. Tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sai, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb \u0111i th\u00ec v\u1eabn tr\u1eeb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb khi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch >0,1m3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 <0,1m3 th\u00ec \u201ckh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb\u201d nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean
***3\/ B\u00f3c c\u1ed1p pha ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb \u0111i \u0111i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c khe co gi\u00e3n, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch > 1m2. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i M\u1ee5c 3.4 ph\u1ea7n II \u2013 Q\u0110788 \u2013 BXD. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 d\u01b0\u1edbi 1m2 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00f3c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi 1m2 Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u tr\u1eeb l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng xin l\u01b0u \u00fd: kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh c\u1ed1p pha th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1eeb th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh c\u1ed1p pha th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
***4\/ T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf m\u1ee5c 3.10- Ph\u1ea7n II c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c khe co gi\u00e3n hay l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t >0,5m2 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb. N\u1ebfu <=0,5m2 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.
***5\/ B\u00f3c c\u1ed1p pha c\u1ed9t, c\u1ecdc vu\u00f4ng BTCT \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n t\u00ednh 2 m\u1eb7t hay 3 m\u1eb7t? C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n khi ki\u1ec3m tra vi\u1ec7c b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n c\u1ed9t hay c\u1ecdc btct \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t, h\u1ecd l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, do \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e1n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng (quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Q\u0110 788- BXD). Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh hai m\u1eb7t th\u00ec nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e3i \u0111\u00fac, t\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e3i \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ecdc b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00ednh v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n c\u1ed9t, c\u1ecdc vu\u00f4n BTCT 3 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.
***6\/ B\u00f3c t\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng chia chi\u1ec1u cao c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 chia chi\u1ec1u cao c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c <4m, t\u1eeb 4- 16m, t\u1eeb 16- 50m v\u00e0 >50m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Th\u1ef1c ra vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Chi\u1ec1u cao quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf B\u1ed9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 khi b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch, n\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u cao c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o th\u00ec b\u00f3c c\u00e1c m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao 20 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao 70m th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd > 50m. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y trong \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 1091, B\u1ed9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u201cchi\u1ec1u cao quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0110M l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u201d.
***7\/ Ph\u1ea7n giao nhau t\u00ednh v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o? V\u00ed d\u1ee5: D\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng hay v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o?Th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n giao nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u00e0o. V\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c b\u00f3c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111o b\u00f3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n th\u00ec t\u00ednh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 nhanh nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u00ednh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi c\u00f4ng th\u00ec t\u00ednh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n d\u00f9 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. M\u00ecnh xin \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n
\u2013 B\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng d\u1ea7m (\u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn 1m3).<\/p>\n
\u2013 Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n d\u1ea7m l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n c\u1ed9t (m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn 1m2)<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00e9p c\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00e9p c\u1ecdc sau:<\/p>\n
1\/ Ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u00c9p Tr\u01b0\u1edbc: Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi, C\u1ecdc \u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb 20\u00d720 \u0111\u1ebfn 40\u00d740 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 25\u00d725 v\u00e0 30\u00d730)<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u00c9p sau: Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 khi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u00f3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, C\u1ecdc \u00e9p ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 25\u00d725 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 15\u00d715, 20\u00d720, 22\u00d722)
2\/ C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y \u00e9p:<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u00c9p Tr\u01b0\u1edbc: D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i, m\u00e1y \u00e9p c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao 4- 5m<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u00c9p sau: D\u00f9ng m\u00e1y \u00e9p k\u00edch th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c + gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1<\/p>\n
3\/ \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eebng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u00c9p Tr\u01b0\u1edbc: \u00c9p nhanh, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ecdc l\u00e0 l\u1edbn, c\u1ecdc c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u00e9p do \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn. M\u00e1y thi c\u00f4ng \u00e9p c\u1ecdc sau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 thi c\u00f4ng nay c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, v\u00ec k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea3i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00e9p. Nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u00e9p c\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea9u c\u1ecdc v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ecdc v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u00e9p.<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u00c9p sau: \u00c9p ch\u1eadm, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ecdc d\u1eabn, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ecdc ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u00e9p kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. M\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u00e0n gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 g\u1ecdn nh\u1eb9 n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, gia c\u1ed1. Nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u00e9p c\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ecdc th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ecdc v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ecdc v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u00e9p (c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u00e9p c\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u00e9p c\u1ecdc b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ed9 TCVN \u2013 TCXD<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u00e9p hay \u0111\u00f3ng 100m c\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng 101m. V\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc th\u00ec t\u1ed1n th\u00eam 1,5 % VL kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00e9p c\u1ecdc th\u00ec con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 1%, con s\u1ed1 VL Kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng \u0110M b\u1ea1n nh\u00e9. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n \u00e9p c\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf VL c\u1ecdc ra ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n \u0111\u00fac c\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u TT (Mua c\u1ecdc), m\u00e0 hao h\u1ee5t theo \u0111m \u1edf tr\u00ean, l\u00e0 1% VL c\u1ecdc t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n 1,01, c\u00f2n VL kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9? V\u1eady l\u00e0 Mua c\u1ecdc hay \u0110\u00fac c\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh 1% VL kh\u00e1c!
Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p c\u1ecdc, khi \u00e9p c\u1ecdc t\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1t \u00e2m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 so v\u1edbi c\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p
1\/ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1: D\u00f9ng c\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5<\/p>\n
D\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ecdc BTCT ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh \u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n (1 \u2013 1,5m) \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc xu\u1ed1ng cao tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1t \u00e2m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.
Thao t\u00e1c: Khi \u00e9p t\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ta h\u00e0n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 d\u00e0i \u2265 2,5m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ea7n \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 khi \u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u nhau, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau, gi\u00fap thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0i thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y kinh v\u0129 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7m th\u00e9p ch\u1eef I \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cao tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7m th\u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u1ed1t \u00b10,00, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ea7n \u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 (chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0i m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea7m th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u00e9p c\u1ecdc). Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thi c\u00f4ng c\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng c\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh t\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5
\u2022 \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u1ecdc \u00e9p \u00e2m nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00ea s\u1ed1 m\u00e9t d\u00e0i c\u1ecdc BTCT l\u00e0m c\u1ecdc d\u1eabn, thi c\u00f4ng xong s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eadp \u0111i g\u00e2y t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng cao.<\/p>\n
2\/ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 2: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p \u00e2m<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ecdc d\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p c\u1ecdc xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1t \u00e2m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i r\u00fat c\u1ecdc d\u1eabn l\u00ean \u00e9p cho c\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ecdc \u00e9p \u00e2m do c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 thi c\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.
C\u1ecdc \u00e9p \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng BTCT ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p
V\u00ec h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a pit\u00f4ng m\u00e1y \u00e9p ch\u1ec9 \u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 0,6 \u2013 0,7m, do v\u1eady chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng th\u00e2m m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n 0,7m l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh pit\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ra th\u00eam 0,5m n\u1eefa gi\u00fap thao t\u00e1c \u00e9p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 BTCT, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n, c\u1ecdc d\u1eabn l\u00fac n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1 c\u1ecdc xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1t \u00e2m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.
Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ecdc d\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m nghi\u00eang \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u1ecdc d\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u1edbp t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh (ch\u1ee5p m\u0169 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ecdc). Vi\u1ec7c thi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n thi c\u00f4ng d\u1eabn kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n, khi \u00e9p xong r\u00fat c\u1ecdc l\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ecdc \u00e9p ch\u00ednh b\u1ecb nghi\u00eang.<\/p>\n
(C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u00e8m theo v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1ed1 1776\/BXD- VP ng\u00e0y 16- 8- 2007 c\u1ee7a BXD)
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I : (AA.xxxxx)C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II :(AB.xxxxx) C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1, c\u00e1t<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III : (AC.xxxxx) C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc, \u00e9p c\u1ecdc, nh\u1ed5 c\u1ecdc, khoan t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 c\u1ecdc khoan nh\u1ed3i<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV : (AD.xxxxx)C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V : (AE.xxxxx) C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI : (AF.xxxxx) C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VII : (AG.xxxxx) C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII : (AH.xxxxx) S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n g\u1ed7<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IX :(AI.xxxxx) S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eaft th\u00e9p<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng X : (AK.xxxxx) C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0m m\u00e1i, l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u00f2an thi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XI : (AL.xxxxx) C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n
Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung:<\/p>\n
Chi\u1ec1u cao thi c\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u1ed1t = \u00b10.000 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: T\u1eeb c\u1ed1t \u00b10.000 \u0111\u1ebfn =4m; T\u1eeb c\u1ed1t =\u00b10.000 \u0111\u1ebfn =16m; T\u1eeb c\u1ed1t \u00b10.000 \u0111\u1ebfn =50m; T\u1eeb c\u1ed1t \u00b10.000 \u0111\u1ebfn >50m. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao thi c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u00e1t, l\u00e1ng, \u1ed1p v.v. khi thi c\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao >16m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c b\u1ed1c x\u1ebfp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00ean cao.
Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t r\u1eebng t\u1ea1o m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng
Lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng N\u1ed9i dung
I B\u00e3i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3i tranh lau l\u00e1ch, sim mua, c\u1ecf lau, c\u1ecf l\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y con ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 10cm.
II \u2013 R\u1eebng c\u00e2y con, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e2y con, d\u00e2y leo chi\u1ebfm d\u01b0\u1edbi 2\/3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 100m2 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 25 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10cm v\u00e0 xen l\u1eabn c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddngk\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 10cm.
\u2013 \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf lau, c\u1ecf l\u00e1c d\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh s\u00ecnh l\u1ea7y, ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y m\u1eafm, c\u1ed1c, v\u1eb9t\u2026 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
III \u2013 R\u1eebng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c, c\u00e2y con, d\u00e2y leo chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 2\/3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 100m2 r\u1eebng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb 5 d\u1ebfn 10cm, c\u00f3 xen l\u1eabn c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 10cm.
\u2013 \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e0m, \u0111\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y m\u1eafm, c\u1ed1c, v\u1eb9t\u2026 Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh l\u1ea7y, th\u1ee5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed5i<\/p>\n
IV \u2013 R\u1eebng tre, n\u1ee9a gi\u00e0, l\u1ed3 \u00f4 ho\u1eb7c le, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tre, n\u1ee9a, l\u1ed3 \u00f4 le d\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7c. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb 5 d\u1ebfn 10 cm, d\u00e2y leo, c\u00f3 l\u1eabn c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddngk\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 10cm.
\u2013 \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e0m, \u0111\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh l\u1ea7y th\u1ee5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed5i<\/p>\n
Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 30cm.<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh > 10cm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui \u0111\u1ed5i ra c\u00e2y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (l\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1eeb 10-20cm).<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u00f9n, d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o b\u00f9n
Lo\u1ea1i b\u00f9n \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng
B\u00f9n \u0111\u1eb7c D\u00f9ng x\u1ebbng, cu\u1ed1c b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 b\u00f9n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i
B\u00f9n l\u00f2ng D\u00f9ng x\u00f4 v\u00e0 g\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00fac
B\u00f9n r\u00e1c B\u00f9n \u0111\u1eb7c, c\u00f3 l\u1eabn c\u1ecf r\u00e1c, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t
B\u00f9n l\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1, s\u1ecfi, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebfn C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00f9n tr\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1, s\u1ecfi, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebfn
Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1 d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1 C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 chiu n\u00e9n
\u0110\u00e1 c\u1ea5p 1 \u0110\u00e1 r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n > 1000kg\/cm2
\u0110\u00e1 c\u1ea5p 2 \u0110\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n > 800kg\/cm2
\u0110\u00e1 c\u1ea5p 3 \u0110\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng trung b\u00ecnh, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n >600kg\/cm2
\u0110\u00e1 c\u1ea5p 4 \u0110\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ec1m, gi\u00f2n d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eadp, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n \u2264 600kg\/cm2
Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t T\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh
I \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa c\u00e1t b\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111en, \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t, c\u00e1t pha s\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u00e0ng th\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f9n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1eabn s\u1ecfi s\u1ea1n, m\u1ea3nh s\u00e0nh, g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee1, \u0111\u00e1 d\u0103m , m\u1ea3nh chai t\u1eeb 20% tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y to, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb n\u00e9n ch\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1t \u0111en, c\u00e1t v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00e1 d\u0103m, \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ee5n \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng.
II G\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p I c\u00f3 l\u1eabn s\u1ecfi s\u1ea1n, m\u1ea3nh s\u00e0nh, g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee1, \u0111\u00e1 d\u0103m, m\u1ea3nh chai t\u1eeb 20% tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y to, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay kh\u00f4. \u0110\u1ea5t \u00e1 s\u00e9t, cao lanh, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t tr\u1eafng, s\u00e9t v\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 l\u1eabn s\u1ecfi s\u1ea1n, m\u1ea3nh s\u00e0nh, m\u1ea3nh chai, g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 20% \u1edf d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb n\u00e9n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4 r\u1eafn. D\u00f9ng x\u1ebbng, mai ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1c b\u00e0n x\u1eafn
\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ebfng m\u1ecfng<\/p>\n
III \u0110\u1ea5t \u00e1 s\u00e9t, cao lanh, s\u00e9t tr\u1eafng, s\u00e9t v\u00e0ng, s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai l\u1eabn s\u1ecfi s\u1ea1n, m\u1ea3nh s\u00e0nh, m\u1ea3nh chai, g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee1 t\u1eeb 20% tr\u1edf l\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1eabn r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ed5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111em \u0111\u1ed5 \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7m n\u00e9n. D\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1c chim m\u1edbi
cu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n
IV C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p III c\u00f3 l\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1 h\u00f2n, \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00e1 ong,\u0111\u00e1 phong ho\u00e1, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i phong ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9i s\u1ecfi d\u00ednh k\u1ebft b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i,x\u00edt non, \u0111\u00e1 qu\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 m\u00ecn v\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf, s\u00e9t k\u1ebft kh\u00f4 r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc th\u00e0nh v\u1ec9a
B\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t T\u00ean lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t
I C\u00e1t pha l\u1eabn 3-10% s\u00e9t \u1edftr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ebbo, s\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u00e1 s\u00e9t m\u1ec1m, than, b\u00f9n, \u0111\u1ea5tl\u1eabn th\u1ef1t v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eebn\u01a1i kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn.
II C\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7m ch\u1eb7t, s\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t c\u1ee9ng, c\u00e1t kh\u00f4, c\u00e1t b\u00e3o h\u00f2a n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p I c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 10-30% s\u1ecf, \u0111\u00e1.
Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ecdc khoan nh\u1ed3i
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 T\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1
IV 4 \u2013 \u0110\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn s\u00e9t, phi\u1ebfn than, phi\u1ebfn Xeritxit
\u2013 C\u00e1t k\u1ebft, Dunit, Feridolit, Secpantinit\u2026 b\u1ecb phong ho\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c v\u1eeba. \u0110\u00e1 Macn\u01a1 ch\u1eb7t, than \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng trung b\u00ecnh. Tup, b\u1ed9t k\u1ebft b\u1ecb phong ho\u00e1 v\u1eeba.<\/p>\n
\u2013 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ebb n\u00f5n \u0111\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng tay th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n
\u2013 T\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1 s\u00e2u t\u1edbi 5mm b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a b\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
5 \u2013 \u0110\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn s\u00e9t Clorit, Phylit, c\u00e1t k\u1ebft v\u1edbi xi m\u0103ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4i, oxit s\u1eaft, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0110olomit kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n.
\u2013 Than Antraxxit, Porphiarrit, Secpantinit, Dunit, Keratophia phong ho\u00e1 v\u1eeba. Tup n\u00fai l\u1eeda b\u1ecb Kericit ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n
\u2013 M\u1eabu n\u00f5n khoan g\u1ecdt, b\u1ebb kh\u00f3, r\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng dao, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00f5m s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng 1 nh\u00e1t b\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n
III 6 \u2013 \u0110\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn Clorit th\u1ea1ch anh, \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn Xericit th\u1ea1ch anh. S\u00e9t k\u1ebft b\u1ecb silic ho\u00e1 y\u1ebfu. Anhydrric ch\u1eb7t x\u00edt l\u1eabn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Tup.
\u2013 Cu\u1ed9i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xi m\u0103ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e1 v\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4l\u00f4mit ch\u1eb7t x\u00edt. \u0110\u00e1 Skan\u01a1. \u0110unit phong ho\u00e1 nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/p>\n
\u2013 M\u1eabu n\u00f5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdt ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng dao con. \u0110\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn b\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n
7 \u2013 S\u00e9t k\u1ebft silic ho\u00e1, \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3 s\u1eebng, \u0111\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 s\u1eebng Clorit. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 Pocphiarit, \u0110iabaz\u01a1, Tup b\u1ecb phong ho\u00e1 nh\u1eb9
\u2013 Cu\u1ed9i k\u1ebft ch\u1ee9a tr\u00ean 50% cu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 Macna, xi m\u0103ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft l\u00e0 Silic v\u00e0 s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n
\u2013 Cu\u1ed9i k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u1edbi xi m\u0103ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft l\u00e0 silic \u0110iorit v\u00e0 Gabro h\u1ea1t th\u00f4.<\/p>\n
\u2013 M\u1eabu n\u00f5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdt ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea1o\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng dao con. \u0110\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a b\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m n\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
II 8 \u2013 C\u00e1t k\u1ebft th\u1ea1ch anh. \u0110\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn Silic. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 Skan\u01a1 th\u1ea1ch anh G\u01a1nat tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00e1 Granit h\u1ea1t th\u00f4
\u2013 Cu\u1ed9i k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 Macna, \u0111\u00e1 Nai, Granit, Pecmanit, Syenit, Garbo, Tu\u00f4cmalin th\u1ea1ch anh b\u1ecb phong ho\u00e1 nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n
\u2013 Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1t b\u00faa \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1. \u0110\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a b\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m x\u00e2y x\u00e1t m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu n\u00f5n.<\/p>\n
9 \u2013 Syenit, Granit h\u1ea1t th\u00f4- nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u00e1 v\u00f4i h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng silic cao. Cu\u1ed9i k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 Macna. \u0110\u00e1 Bazan. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 Nai-Granit, Nai Garbo, Pocphia th\u1ea1ch anh, Pecmatit, Skan\u01a1 tinh th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c Tup silic, Barit ch\u1eb7t x\u00edt.
\u2013 B\u00faa \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n m\u1eabu n\u00f5n m\u1edbi b\u1ecb v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u0110\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn b\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m n\u00f4ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n
I 10 \u2013 \u0110\u00e1 Skan\u01a1 gr\u01a1nat. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 Granit h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u00e1 Sran\u01a1diorit, Liparit. \u0110\u00e1 Skan\u01a1 silic, m\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh. Cu\u1ed9i k\u1ebft n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Macna. C\u00e1t k\u1ebft th\u1ea1ch anh r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e1 s\u1eebng.
\u2013 B\u00faa \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n m\u1eabu n\u00f5n m\u1edbi b\u1ecb v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n
11 \u2013 \u0110\u00e1 Qu\u0103czit, \u0111\u00e1 s\u1eebng c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc, ch\u1ee9a \u00edt s\u1eaft. \u0110\u00e1Anbiophia h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn b\u1ecb s\u1eebng ho\u00e1. \u0110\u00e1 ng\u1ecdc (ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch\u2026),c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft.
\u2013 \u0110\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u2013 B\u00faa \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m s\u1ee9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 12 \u2013 \u0110\u00e1 Qu\u1eafczit c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e1 C\u00f4ranh\u0111\u00f4ng.
\u2013 B\u00faa \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n m\u1edbi l\u00e0m s\u1ee9t \u0111\u2212\u1ee3c m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1<\/p>\n
Ghi ch\u00fa: Khoan t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 c\u1ecdc nh\u1ed3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u00f3m 11,12 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c khoanc\u1ecdc nh\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea5p I nh\u00e2n h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,35 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c khoan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
PH\u1ea6N 1: QUY \u0110\u1ecaNH CHUNG TRONG Q\u0110788\/2010 V\u1ec0 \u0110O B\u00d3C KH\u1ed0I L\u01af\u1ee2NG *** 1\/ B\u00f3c ph\u1ea7n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p hay d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. Xin th\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c 3.3 ph\u1ea7n II trong Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh […]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/886"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=886"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/886\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":887,"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/886\/revisions\/887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vxd.com.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}